酪蛋白胶束粉的陶瓷膜分离生产工艺

为尽快建立酪蛋白胶束粉(micellar casein concentrate, MCC)的中试生产线,实现MCC在国内的工业化生产,该研究通过测定牛乳蛋白粒径,选取孔径40和100 nm的中空纤维陶瓷膜进行膜分离效果的对比,并选用膜分离效果较佳的陶瓷膜进行最佳操作参数的确定及稀释过滤工艺的研究,最后将自制MCC和进口MCC进行品质特性对比并分析其工业化生产的可能性.结果表明:孔径40 nm中空纤维陶瓷膜与孔径100 nm中空纤维陶瓷膜相比,渗透液中不含酪蛋白,能够减少酪蛋白损失,更适合于酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的分离,孔径40nm中空纤维陶瓷膜的最佳操作参数为操作压力2×105 Pa,料液温度50℃;采用四段式的连续稀释过滤工艺,可使料液中酪蛋白占真蛋白的比例从69.39%提升至93.34%,真蛋白占干物质的比例从38.45%提升至88.15%;稀释过滤完毕后膜的纯水通量衰减了39.98%,经生物酶清洗液清洗后膜的纯水通量恢复至初始的98.02%;自制MCC在成分组成上与加拿大Proteinco公司生产的MCC相比差异不显著(p<0.05),但在溶解度和粉粒的微观形态上优于Proteinco MCC;生产1 kg MCC需要原料乳46.24 L,成本为244.58元,可实现其国内工业化生产.研究结果为实现MCC在国内工业化生产及其应用性研究提供参考.     

玉米秸秆热化学法合成甲醇的研究

采用热化学方法将秸秆类生物质裂解为生物质燃气,并对该燃气进行优化试验,制备出合成气,在等温积分反应器中,采用5MPa压力和国产C301铜基催化剂(粒度为0 833mm×0 351mm),对玉米秸秆合成气进行催化合成甲醇试验研究,研究结果表明:合成甲醇的最佳温度和流量分别为230℃,0 98mol·h-1,最大甲醇时空收率为0 2381kg·kg-1·h-1     

压缩空气泡沫系统在林火扑救中的应用

压缩空气泡沫系统(CAFS)是近年来出现并得以长足发展的一种高效泡沫灭火系统。本文对CAFS系统的国内外发展现状、机理和优点等方面进行了阐述,并结合森林消防的特殊要求,对该系统产生的泡沫性能进行了简要论述。     

苏式仓泡沫板吊顶隔热储粮初探

对没有隔热层的仓房，用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板吊顶及密封窗户，能在一定程度上降低粮温上升速度，保持粮食的新鲜度，延缓粮食的陈化，保持粮食的发芽率，节约熏蒸药剂，减轻保管员劳动强度。达到安全，经济，有效的目的。     

Study of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell for Portable Application

A technique of fabrication of air electrode for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) is proposed. The investigated air electrode is free of Teflon- containing and with ultra- thin catalyst layer. Catalysts PtRu/C for methanol electroxidation is electrochemically deposited on a Nafion- bonded carbon electrode. A concept, that is, methanol is oxidized at a relatively high potential, is proposed. Such a fabricated DMFC is characterized with a high utilization of noble metals and basically eliminating CO poisoning in operation.     

泡沫比例混合器在液下喷射灭火系统中的应用

提出了环泵泡沫比例混合器和泡沫压力比例混合器在相应灭火系统中的应用、安装和操作中应注意的问题，对两种泡沫比例混合器组成的系统进行了对比，认为环泵比例混合泡沫灭火系统采用正压进水，可以克服负压进水方式存在的缺陷，比较适合油库火灾的扑救；压力比例混合泡沫灭火系统灵活性、匹配性较差，适用于泡沫混合液流量相对不变的火灾扑救。     

烧成温度对C—B4C—SiC复合材料结构与性能的影响

本文就烧成温度对Ｃ－Ｂ＿４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ碳／陶复合材料结构与性能的影响进行了初步研究，发现复合材料密度、强度随烧结温度的升高而明显提高，电阻率随烧成温度的升高而下降，这和烧成体显微结构（气孔率、晶粒大小与分布、晶界状况等）密切相关。     

Evaluation of 2 cement techniques for augmentation of stripped 1.5 mm screw sites in the distal metaphysis of feline radii

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 2 cement augmentation techniques on pullout strength of 1.5 mm screws placed in stripped 1.5 mm screw sites in the distal metaphysis of feline radii. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Feline radii (21 pairs). METHODS: Treatment groups (n=4) were allocated according to a Latin square design to 4 sites in each pair of radii. Positive and negative controls were a 1.5 mm screw and a screw of the same diameter in a previously stripped screw hole, respectively. Treatment groups were a 1.5 mm screw implanted in a previously stripped screw hole after injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or a bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC, Norian skeletal repair system (SRS)). The ultimate pullout strength was compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SEM) pullout strength of screws augmented with either bone cement was less than that of the positive control group and greater than that of the negative control. Injection of CPC or PMMA before screw implantation increased the pullout strength of the negative control by 86.8+/-22.9% and 104.1+/-32.1%, respectively. Holding power of the positive control screws differed from these 2 groups, and was 274.8+/-39.17% higher than that of the negative control. CONCLUSION: Injection of CPC or PMMA increases but does not restore the holding power of stripped 1.5 mm diameter screws. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of CPC (Norian SRS) augmentation of stripped 1.5 mm diameter screws warrants clinical investigation as it combines biomechanical results similar to PMMA with osteoconduction and resorbability.     

生物质基SiC陶瓷材料制备及应用研究进展

生物质基SiC陶瓷是一种环境友好的新型材料,具有硬度高、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、力学性能优异等特点,因而受到越来越广泛的关注。文中主要阐述了国内外学者对生物质基SiC陶瓷材料制备方法及应用的研究进展,包括以木材、竹材、稻壳、纸张、废弃棉绒等生物质材料为碳模板,运用液态渗硅法、溶胶凝胶-碳热还原法、气相渗透法3种方法制备生物质基SiC陶瓷方面的研究现状,以及对其作为电磁屏蔽材料、防弹材料、电容器、电极材料、催化剂材料等方面的应用进行了探讨,并分析了当前SiC陶瓷研究存在的问题及未来发展趋势。     

嘧啶硫酮缓蚀剂的合成及其性能评价

以苯甲酸为催化剂,以三乙、硫脲、3-吡啶甲醛为原料制备了4-(3-吡啶基)-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基嘧啶-2-硫酮(简称嘧啶硫酮),用1 H NMR表征其结构.采用失重法、Tafel极化法评价了嘧啶硫酮在1 mol/L HCl中对X70钢的缓蚀性能.结果表明,嘧啶硫酮在酸性环境中对X70钢的腐蚀具有较好的抑制作用,缓蚀率随温度的升高而降低,缓蚀率最大可达93.2%.在低温303K时,ΔG00,表明吸附过程是自发进行且符合Langmuir吸附等温式;ΔH00,说明嘧啶硫酮在吸附过程中放热,升高温度不利于吸附.并用SEM对X70钢表面型态做了表征.